在这些城市你每年可以休六周年假
BBC林赛·加洛韦（Lindsey Galloway）(2016年1月8日)
巴林首都麦纳麦居民是世界上享有假期最多的职场人士
对于移居国外工作的人，无论新的移居地多么富有异国情调，也不过是从一个格子间到另一个格子间而已。但根据金融服务公司 UBS 一项最新研究，世界各地有许多城市的带薪年假平均都超过 30 天。假期能超过六周，其中还不包括国定假日。与曼谷、北京和洛杉矶相比，这可是太奢侈了，因为这三个城市的年假平均只有 10-14 天。现在就让那些享受年假30天以上的人告诉我们，他们的生活情况，以及他们在假期都去哪里旅行。
巴西圣保罗
圣保罗人迅速指出，圣保罗是个工作狂的城市，即使巴西政府要求提供 30 天的带薪年假（圣保罗的平均带薪年假时间甚至更长，为 31 天），情况依然如此，而且通常只有在政府、零售业及酒店业工作的人有机会享受全部假期。
俯瞰生机勃勃的巴西圣保罗（图片来源：Friedemann Vogel/Getty)
圣保罗当地居民瑞利安·加纳尼恩（Julienne Gananian）说：“生意人、一般靠技术谋生的人、公司董事和负责人等都无法休 30 天假，因为他们不能离开工作那么久。”
但这并不妨碍人们在离得开的时候度假。圣保罗人梅丽莎·弗纳德·斯奥利维拉（Melissa Fernades Olivera）说：“圣保罗人真的热爱旅行。”她是至尊酒店（Hotel Unique）总经理，也是旅游美食博客“Mel Fernades”的博主。她说：“即使留在圣保罗，大多数的人也去海边了：瓜鲁雅（Guarujá）、桑托斯（Santos）或坎布里（Camburi）、马利西亚斯（Maresias）和巴莱亚（Baleia）等北部海滩。有些人去乡下，那里有他们的私人农场，还有人去其他城市，如里约热内卢、布基亚斯和安格拉。”
在桑托斯的海滩上踢足球（图片来源：Ronaldo Schemidt/Getty）
人们通常会在圣诞和新年（圣保罗的夏天）度长假，顶级度假地包括迈阿密、奥兰多和纽约市。在美国各个城市购物都有着巨大的吸引力，原因是巴西当地的进口税率很高。
一般而言，居民会都认为圣保罗是个生活费用高昂的城市，但这里却总是热闹非凡，让人闲不住。她说：“我住的地方是住宅区，很安静，这里有本地餐厅，帕拉伊索（Paraiso）靠近 Jardins 和 Itaim 酒店，距圣保罗其他著名的热闹地方也不远 ”。
加纳尼恩建议，追求波希米亚生活的人可以考虑去距离市中心 9 公里以西的 Vila Madalena 酒店。那里附近有很不错的商场、酒吧和餐厅。
意大利罗马
尽管在罗马的平均带薪年假有 32 天，但目前经济形势下，当地居民却没法全然享受这种奢侈待遇——意大利全国失业率高达 12.5%，—其中约有 44% 是年轻人。
在罗马一家餐厅享用大餐
玛丽亚·帕斯奎尔（Maria Pasquale）认为：“当前市场受到极大的制约。”她四年前从墨尔本移居罗马，目前撰写关于罗马市中心生活的博客。她表示：“有体面工作的罗马人因为担心会丢掉工作，对于在工作中找麻烦（要求度假）会很犹豫。”
意大利人度假时往往选择在国内，这要得益于意大利千姿百态的优美风光，同时，这也吸引了世界各地的游客前来意大利。由于在意大利乘火车旅行价格适中，也就使国内旅行格外方便。帕斯奎尔说：“意大利人喜欢在意大利海滨、湖边或者山区度过夏天。”廉价航空让人们很容易就能直飞其他欧洲城市。
意大利人最热衷的国内度假方式：在马焦雷湖(Lake Maggiore)畅游（图片来源：Gabriel Bouys/Getty）
即使处境困难，罗马人也会在业余时间尽情享受城中生活。帕斯夸里住在罗马市中心台伯河（Tiber River）畔的特拉斯泰韦雷区（Trastevere）。她说：“这里非常独特，很有小城镇的感觉，往往被人们拿来与纽约的格林威治村或巴黎的左岸相提并论。这里颇有几分波西米亚风格，到处是咖啡厅、酒吧、餐厅和小精品店。傍晚，罗马人和外国人都喜欢来这里吃东西或是小酌；街头艺人在中央广场表演；白天，则是一派熙熙攘攘的景象，本地人去市场购买日用品，学生们则坐在咖啡厅免费上网。”
其他外国人集中的地方包括罗马斗兽场旁的蒙蒂区（Monti）和梵蒂冈附近的普拉蒂区（Prati）。帕斯夸里补充说，皮内托（Pigneto）等改造的地区也将很快开放。
秘鲁利马
利马人平均有 31 天的年假，还有大量当地公众假期。利马周边地区环境得天独厚，有山川、雨林和海滩，几小时即可抵达。
秘鲁利马的阿玛斯广场（The Plaza de Armas）
玛拉·卢瑟福（Mara Rutherford）表示：“如果只有一天假，人们会去利马以东谢内吉亚区（Cieneguilla），那里风景优美，有很多小酒店和餐厅，还有大型度假村。”她从加利福尼亚移居至此，在“Most Eligible Family”网站上撰写关于利马外国人生活体验的文章。“这里的绿化要好得多，而且很安静。”
在长长的周末时光，人们会去南部的度假小城帕拉卡斯（Paracas）或者西北部的海滨小城曼科拉（Mancora）。卢瑟福建议，可以去瓦拉斯（Huaraz）体验高山生活，在那里还可以徒步旅行和骑马。 外国人和游客还可以去一些更加受欢迎的目的地，例如北部的伊基托斯（Iquitos）雨林，或者东部的库斯科（Cusco）。它们距离利马都大约 1 小时航程。
利马是一个海滨城市，有很多去处。许多外国人喜欢住在海边的米拉弗洛雷斯（Miraflores），那里有丰富的社交活动，还有城中最好的餐厅。卢瑟福住在利马东部郊区莫利娜（Sol de la Molina）。她说：“这里很安静，有很多大房子，这里很受举家旅行的人们欢迎，因为这里房子地方大，可以有大院子和泳池。”移居至此的美国人往往住在市中心的苏尔科（Surco），因为这里靠近美国大使馆和美国学校。
尽管这里的生活成本与美国类似，但卢瑟福认为，这里的餐厅要比美国便宜得多。汽油虽然贵，但出租车却不贵，“因为去哪儿都不会远。”
俄罗斯莫斯科
莫斯科人的带薪年假超过 31 天，这里有些人一年能度三次假。大卫·拉什哈伊（David Lashkhi）说：“一次在夏季，另一次在一月初，还有一次在五月或者早春。”他大约 10 年前从格鲁吉亚第比利斯移居至此。俄罗斯严峻的经济形势让很多当地人只能在暑期出国旅行，其他假期则在家门口度过。
绚丽辉煌的莫斯科圣巴索大教堂（St. Basil's Cathedral ）
廉价航空公司首选俄罗斯航空旗下的 Pobeda 航空公司，去年成立的该公司让俄罗斯国内旅行更为廉价。拉什哈伊说：“国内旅行最受欢迎的去处是俄罗斯黑海度假地，”土耳其和埃及也是价格不高的旅游目的地，另外还有格鲁吉亚和亚美尼亚等前苏联的国家。
出门不远时，莫斯科人也会尽情享受生活乐趣。“我们会去餐厅、咖啡厅、电影院和俱乐部。几周前，这里还有文化之夜活动。许多博物馆和展览都免费开放，大约一个月前，还有晚间音乐演出。音乐厅、音乐学院和俱乐部也是免费的，”拉什哈伊说道。
拉什哈伊住在莫斯科老市中心塔甘卡（Taganka），在那里，昂贵的现代化公寓与 15 世纪的教堂和冷战时期的高层建筑并排林立。市中心西北 3 公里处富人区的族长池塘（Patriarshiye Ponds）是外国人热衷的聚居地，那里靠近地铁站，有安静的池塘，是散步、锻炼和休闲的好去处。
拉什哈伊认为莫斯科是个生活成本高昂的城市，最近油价下跌令情况更是雪上加霜（石油是俄罗斯的主要出口产品)，不过，他也认为，在市内交通最为经济的交通工具还是地铁。
巴林麦纳麦
巴林麦纳麦可以享受超过 34 天的年假，位居 UBS 调查中年假最长的城市之首，这还不算市民每年能享受的近 20 天公众假期。在夏季，这里的温度接近 40 摄氏度，学校放暑假，人们也跟着放假。在此期间大多数人会出国旅行。
质朴的大清真寺（Al Fateh Grand Mosque）
巴林当地人阿迈勒·达史提（Amal Dashti）说，“这里是东亚、欧洲，特别是土耳其、格鲁吉亚和亚美尼亚最受欢迎的旅游目的地。”
麦纳麦在假期会有大量游客，来自沙特阿拉伯和科威特的游客尤其多。对于想要尽情享受城中生活的人，麦纳麦南部的阿德里亚（Adliya）是最受欢迎的区域，那里有大量俱乐部、酒吧和餐厅。加菲尔（Juffair）则深受外国人以及美国海军的欢迎，美国海军的基地就在附近。
在麦纳麦以西 16 公里处的萨尔（Saar）和布迪亚（Budiya），外国人还能找到封闭式社区，这里深受在麦纳麦工作和生活的沙特人欢迎。
除过年假，麦纳麦还是个生活成本高昂的地方。托马斯·弗林特（Thomas Flindt）说，“巴林的东西几乎没有国产的，”他是麦纳麦希尔顿大酒店的总经理。弗林特从贝鲁特移居到麦纳麦不足一年，他是丹麦人。“一切都进口的，巴林是单一进口经济，生活全部依靠进口各种各样的商品为继。由于没有竞争，这里的商品都很贵。”
（责编：友义）
Living in… cities where you get six weeks off work
By Lindsey Galloway,8 January 2024
People who move abroad for work often trade one cubicle for another, no matter how exotic the new locale. But according to a recent study by financial services company UBS, a number of cities across the world average at least 30 days of paid vacation time – more than six weeks -– not including national holidays. That’s especially generous when compared to destinations like Bangkok, Beijing and Los Angeles, where annual leave averages between 10 and 14 days. We talked to residents in some of these places to find out what life is like – and where they travel during their days off.
Sao Paulo, Brazil
Residents were quick to call S?o Paulo a city of workaholics, so even though the Brazilian government requires 30 days of paid leave each year – and Sao Paulo averages even higher at 31 – the only workers who generally take the full amount off are government workers and employees in retail and hospitality.
“Businessmen, people who work with arts in general, companies directors and managers cannot take 30 days because they cannot stay away from work that long,” said Sao Paulo native Julienne Gananian.
But that also doesn’t prevent residents from getting away when they can. “Paulistanos really love to travel,” said native Melissa Fernades Olivera, managing director of Hotel Unique and author of travel and food blog Mel Fernades. “Those that remain in the state of Sao Paulo mostly go to the beach: Guarujá, Santos or North Beaches such as Camburi, Maresias, Baleia. Some go to the countryside where there are many private farms, and another portion goes to cities in other states like Rio de Janeiro, Buzios and Angra.”
When residents take longer holidays, usually around Christmas and New Years (S?o Paulo’s summer), top destinations include Miami, Orlando and New York City. Shopping is a big draw in all of the US cities, since local import taxes are high.
In general, residents say that S?o Paulo is an expensive city, but it’s always bustling with things to do. Fernades Olivera lives in Paraiso, close to the green oasis of Ibirapuera Park. “My neighbourhood is calm, where families live,” she said. “There are local restaurants and Paraiso is close to Jardins and Itaim, other famous – and very alive – areas in the city.”
Gananian suggested those looking for a bohemian lifestyle should consider Vila Madalena, 9km west of the city centre. The neighbourhood has excellent shops, bars and restaurants.
Rome, Italy
Though paid time off averages about 32 days in Rome, current economic conditions—12.5% unemployment across Italy with 44% among younger workers -– are keeping residents from taking full advantage of the perk.
“The market is currently very constrained,” said Maria Pasquale, who moved to Rome from Melbourne four years ago and blogs about life in the city on Heart Rome. “Romans with a decent job are hesitant to rock the boat in the workplace for fear of losing their job.”
The Italians who do take days off often spend time within the country, taking advantage of a beautiful and diverse land that draws visitors from around the world. An extensive regional train network makes local travel especially easy. “Italians spend summers on the Italian coast, near lakes or in mountain areas,” Pasquale said. Low-cost airlines also make it easy to find direct flights to other European capitals.
Even in the face of difficult conditions, Romans enjoy all that the city has to offer in their down time. Pasquale lives in Trastevere, in the centre of Rome, just across the Tiber River. “It's often compared to New York's Greenwich Village or Paris' Left Bank in that it is very unique and has an small town feel,” she said. “It's a little boho and full of cafes, bars, restaurants and small boutiques. It's where Romans and foreigners come to eat and drink in the evening; street performers entertain in the main square; and during the day it's a bustling hive of activity with locals going about their daily shop at the market and students sitting at cafes using free wi-fi.”
Other popular expat neighbourhoods include Monti by the Colosseum and Prati by the Vatican. Gentrified districts like Pigneto are also up-and-coming, Pasquale added.
Lima, Peru
With an average of 31 days of annual leave and plenty local holidays, Lima residents can take full advantage of the surrounding areas; mountains, rainforest and beaches are all within a few hours.
“If people only have one day off, they might go to Cieneguilla, which is a beautiful area east of Lima with lots of small hotels and restaurants, as well as some larger resorts,” said former Californian Mara Rutherford, who writes about her expat experience on Most Eligible Family. “It's much greener there and very quiet.”
On long weekends, residents head to the southern resort town of Paracas or the northwest beach town of Mancora. Rutherford recommended the city of Huaraz for a mountain experience with hiking and horseback riding. Expats and travellers might also visit more popular destinations like the rainforests around Iquitos, about an hour flight to the north, or historic Cusco, an hour flight to the east.
As a coastal city, Lima itself has plenty to offer. Many expats like to live in seaside Miraflores, where a vibrant social scene includes the city’s best restaurants. Rutherford lives in Sol de la Molina, a suburb in the city’s east. “It's very quiet here, with a lot of larger homes,” she said. “The area is popular with families because there is more space for yards and pools.” American expats often live in Surco, right in the city centre, as it is close to the US embassy and American school.
Though most prices are similar to those in the US, Rutherford said she finds restaurants to be cheaper than their American equivalents. Petrol is expensive, but taxis are cheap, and “nothing is very far”.
Moscow, Russia
Topping out at 31 days, the average paid time off in Moscow means that some residents are able to take three holidays a year. “One in summer, another one in early January, and sometimes in May or early spring,” said David Lashkhi, who moved from Tbilisi, Georgia about 10 years ago. Tougher economic times in Russia mean that many locals only travel internationally for their summer vacation, however, and stay closer to home for other days off.
The first low cost Russian airline, Pobeda, launched last year and has made it much more affordable to travel domestically. “The most popular place to travel locally is the Russian Black Sea resorts,” Lashkhi said. Turkey and Egypt are also affordable destinations, alongside former USSR countries like Georgia and Armenia.
In staying close to home, Muscovites make the most of what their city has to offer. “We still go to restaurants, cafes, cinema, theatre and clubs. A few weeks ago there was a night of culture. Many museums and exhibitions were free for entrance, and about month ago there're was a night of music. Music halls, conservatories and clubs were also free,” Lashkhi said.
Lashkhi lives in the old city centre, known as Taganka, where expensive modern apartments are juxtaposed among 15th Century churches and Cold War skyscrapers. The affluent Patriarshiye Ponds, 3km northwest of the city centre, is a favourite expat neighbourhood for its proximity to metro locations and the peaceful ponds that invite walking, exercising and relaxing.
Though Lashkhi finds Moscow to be an expensive city – especially recently due to low oil prices (a major export) – the metro is an economical way to get around the city.
Manama, Bahrain
With more than 34 days annual leave, Manama tops the UBS list of cities with the most vacation time – which doesn’t even count the nearly 20 public holidays that city residents also enjoy. It’s a perk that residents take full advantage of in the summer months, when temperatures can reach nearly 40C and school is out for the year. Most people travel internationally during this time.
“The most popular destinations are the East Asia and Europe, especially Turkey, Georgia, and Armenia,” said Amal Dashti, a Bahrain native.
Manama itself sees plenty of tourists during holidays, especially from Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. For those who want to make the most of life in the city, Adliya is a popular neighbourhood south of the city centre where you’ll find the majority of clubs, bars and restaurants. The neighbourhood of Juffair is popular with expats and those in the US Navy, as a naval station is close by.
Farther afield, expats can find gated communities in Saar and Budiya, both 16km to the west, especially popular for those working in Saudi Arabia but living in Bahrain.
Annual leave aside, Bahrain can be an expensive place to live. “Almost nothing is produced in Bahrain,” said Thomas Flindt, the general manager of the Sheraton in Bahrain. Flindt moved to Manama less than a year ago by way of Beirut and is originally from Denmark. “Everything is imported and the country runs a system of single importers of many different goods. With no competition, goods are pricey.”