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形容词作宾语补足语的用法

[2024年3月14日] 来源:BBC Learning English 编辑:Geilien.cn   字号 [] [] []  

内容简介

一位听众想知道词组 “make her happy” 中的形容词是否充当宾语补足语。在英语里,宾语补足语用来补充说明动词对宾语产生的影响。除了 “make” 以外,还有哪些动词可以用在 “动词+名词+形容词” 的结构中?如何记忆这类结构的用法?听节目,学习这个知识点。

文字稿

(关于台词的备注: 请注意这不是广播节目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能没有体现录制、编辑过程中对节目做出的改变。)

Jiaying
大家好,欢迎收听 BBC英语教学的 “你问我答” 节目。I'm Jiaying.

Beth
And I'm Beth.

Jiaying
本期节目中要回答的问题来自一位听众,问题由我来代读。 

Question
我记了很多 “动词+名词+形容词” 的结构。比如:“make her happy”。这个形容词是充当宾语补足语吗?有没有类似的语法规律在里面,方便归类记忆呢?非常感谢。       

Beth
Thank you very much for your question! We'll explore the grammar of this structure with lots of examples!

Jiaying
我们将在接下来的节目里讲解问题中提到的语法结构并给出相应的例句。除此之外,我们还将分享一些在学习中可以参考的建议,以便大家记忆这个结构的用法。

Beth
A structure consisting of a verb + a noun + an adjective, like 'make her happy', is a verb phrase. 'Happy' is an adjective which refers to the effect or impact the verb has on the object.

Jiaying
是的,在动词词组 “make her happy(让她感到高兴)” 当中,形容词 “happy” 充当宾语补足语,用来进一步说明动词 “make” 对宾语 “her” 产生的影响。

Beth
It's also possible to use a different noun, not just a pronoun, in this structure.

Jiaying
根据句子含义的不同,这个结构中的宾语不一定是代词,还可以是普通的名词。听三个例句,例句中使用了 “make + 名词 + 形容词” 的结构。

Examples
I hate it when people don't indicate when they drive. It really makes me mad.
(我讨厌有人开车时不打转向指示灯。这真的让我很生气。) 

Thinking about his exam tomorrow really makes him nervous.
(想到明天要考试,他就紧张得不行。) 

The couple work very different hours to each other. It really makes life difficult.
(这对夫妇的工作时间非常不同。这真的让生活变得很困难。)

Jiaying
在上面的三个例句中,动词 “make” 的宾语分别是代词 “me”、“him” 和普通名词 “life”。形容词分别是 “mad(生气的)”、“nervous(紧张的)” 和 “difficult(困难的)”,在句子中作宾语补足语使用。

Beth
It's not just 'make' that uses this structure. Other common verbs that are used like this are 'do' and 'keep'. 

Jiaying
除了 “make” 以外,其它常用在 “动词 + 名词 + 形容词” 结构中的动词还有 “do”、“keep” 等等。比如:do someone good(对某人有好处)、keep someone warm(让某人暖和起来)。听两个例句。

Examples
I give him vegetables even though he doesn't like them. It will do him good.
(尽管他不爱吃蔬菜,我还是给他吃。吃菜对他有好处。) 

Wear this scarf. It'll keep you warm.
(把这条围巾戴上。它会帮你保暖。) 

Beth
Again, adjectives that form the object complements are used here – 'good' and 'warm'. 

Jiaying
下面,我们说一说使用 “动词 + 名词 + 形容词” 结构时需要注意的要点。 

Beth
The key is knowing which verbs, nouns and adjectives regularly go together. For example, it's common to use the phrase 'drive someone crazy' when something annoys you, or 'make someone angry' when someone or something angers you. If you 'leave a door open', anyone can walk in! 

Jiaying
没错,掌握这类词组的要点就是记忆哪些动词、名词和形容词通常搭配在一起使用。比如: drive someone crazy(让某人抓狂)、make someone angry(让某人生气)、leave the door open(把门敞着不关)。

Beth
When you hear these structures, write them down. Then practise saying them to yourself to get them in your head. 

Jiaying
此外,当听到或者学到这类词组的时候,除了写下词组本身和它的含义以外,别忘了将其发音、重读音节等信息全部整理一遍,以方便练习。同时,你也可以通过例句来巩固对词组用法的理解。

Beth
And then try and use that new phrase in speaking and writing! OK, Jiaying. Let's summarise. 

Jiaying
好的。在 “动词 + 名词 + 形容词” 的结构中,形容词通常充当宾语补足语,用来补充说明动词对宾语产生的影响。在这类词组中,常见的动词有 “make”、“do”、“keep” 等等,这些动词常与特定的名词和形容词搭配使用。在学习新的词组的时候,要仔细整理有关该词组的各个知识点,并通过例句进行练习和巩固。 

Beth
Remember, if you have a question about the English language you'd like to ask us, please send us an email. Our email address is: questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk    

Jiaying
你也可以通过微博向我们提问。我们的微博账号是 “BBC英语教学”。Bye, everyone. 

Beth
Bye!