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宾语从句的用法

[2024年4月4日] 来源:BBC Learning English 编辑:Geilien.cn   字号 [] [] []  

内容简介

一位听众来信询问宾语从句的用法。要想掌握这个句型的用法,首先要明白什么是 “direct object(直接宾语)” 和 “indirect object(间接宾语)” ,因为宾语从句通常在句子中充当直接宾语,当然,也有充当间接宾语的宾语从句。本期节目介绍常见的三种宾语从句类型。

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Jiaying
大家好,欢迎收听 BBC英语教学的 “你问我答” 节目。I'm Jiaying.

Phil
And I'm Phil. We've got a question from one of our listeners:

Question
你好,可以帮我介绍一下宾语从句吗?

Jiaying
好的。在我们开始介绍英语中几种常见的宾语从句的用法之前,先来巩固一下什么是直接宾语和间接宾语。 

Phil
So, transitive verbs in English take objects. The direct object is what receives or has the action done to it, and an indirect object is often who or what it is done for. So, if I say, "My father bought me a car", the car is the direct object, and I am the indirect object.

Jiaying
英语中的及物动词后面跟宾语。有些句子中会出现双宾语。其中,直接宾语是谓语动词的承受者,而间接宾语是受谓语动词和直接宾语影响的人或物。

比如:“My father bought me a car.(我爸爸给我买了一辆车。)” 这个句子中出现了双宾语,名词 “car” 是直接宾语,人称代词宾格 “me” 是间接宾语。像这样,当宾语是名词的时候,句子的结构还是相对容易理解的。 

但我们也可以用一个完整的从句来作句子中谓语动词的宾语,即宾语从句,这就要分情况来讲了。宾语从句通常在句子中充当直接宾语,当然,也有充当间接宾语的宾语从句。

Phil
Yes, so we can use 'that' clauses as the direct object of a verb. We often use these clauses with verbs of perception, like 'see', 'smell', 'hear', or verbs of thought, like 'think', 'know', 'believe'.

Jiaying
第一类要介绍的宾语从句是由连接词 “that” 引导的宾语从句。在这类句子中,“that” 从句作谓语动词的直接宾语使用。这类宾语从句的谓语动词通常为感官动词,比如 “see”、“smell”、“hear” 或思维类动词,比如 “think”、“know”、“believe”。来听三个例句。

Examples
I can see that you are enjoying that meal!
(我看得出来那顿饭你吃得很香!)

I think that this exam will be difficult.
(我认为这次考试会很难。)

I know that you hate working late.
(我知道你讨厌工作到很晚。)

Jiaying
在上面的三个例句中,连接词 “that” 引导的宾语从句都作谓语动词后的宾语使用,在这种情况下,我们可以省略 “that”。再来听一遍这三个例句,注意,每个例句中都省略了连接词 “that”。 

Examples
I can see you are enjoying that meal!
(我看得出来那顿饭你吃得很香!)

I think this exam will be difficult.
(我认为这次考试会很难。)

I know you hate working late.
(我知道你讨厌工作到很晚。)

Jiaying
我们再来介绍一类在句子中作宾语的从句,那就是 “defining relative clauses(限定性关系从句)”。

Phil
Defining relative clauses use a relative pronoun like 'what', 'that', 'which', 'why' and 'how', to identify something. They can be both direct and indirect objects.

Jiaying
是的,限定性关系从句由关系代词 “relative pronouns” 引导,比如 “what”、“that”、“which”、“why”、“how”。这些关系代词起到了修饰先行词的作用。在下面的三个例句中,先行词和关系从句共同构成了句子的直接或间接宾语成分,请听例句。

Examples
Could you give me the tool that you were using?
(你能给我你刚才在用的那个工具吗?)

Do you know the place where we're meeting?
(你知道我们见面的地方在哪里吗?)

We gave an award to the person who made the most progress.
(我们给进步最大的人发了一个奖。)

Phil
In the examples above, the objects include the things being defined and the relative clauses, but sometimes we only need the relative clause itself. 

Jiaying
是的,还有一些比较特殊的关系从句,句子中不含先行词。关系从句可以单独作句子的宾语。听两个例句。

Examples
Fran is who you need to speak to.
(你需要找的人是弗兰。) 

Your keys are where you left them.
(你的钥匙还在你之前放的地方。)

Jiaying
在上面这两个例句中,以 “who” 和 “where” 引导的关系从句前都没有先行词。

Phil
True. The full sentences would be 'Fran is the person who you need to speak to.' and 'Your keys are in the place where you left them.' 

Jiaying
好了,上面我们介绍了三类常见的宾语从句。希望我们的讲解帮助大家更好地理解了从句在句子中充当宾语时的用法。

Phil
Remember that if you have a question you'd like us to answer, you can email us too at: questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk Bye!

Jiaying
Bye-bye!

宾语从句的用法