Activists Call for International Ban on Fully Autonomous Weapons
活动人士呼吁全球禁止完全自主武器

From VOA Learning English, this is the Technology Report.
这里是美国之音慢速英语科技报道。

An international coalition is calling for a ban on fully autonomous weapons known as "killer robots." The 45-member coalition proposed the ban to governments last month at a meeting of the United Nations Convention on Conventional Weapons in Geneva, Switzerland.
一个国际联盟呼吁禁止被称为“杀人机器”完全自主武器。这个由45人组成的联盟上月在瑞士日内瓦举行的联合国常规武器公约的一次会议上，向各国政府提出了这一禁令。

The Campaign to Stop Killer Robots wants the U.N. organization to add fully autonomous weapons to its work program in 2014.
制止杀人机器联盟希望该联合国组织将完全自主武器列入其2014年的工作计划中。

Scientists have yet to develop fully autonomous killer robots. However, technology is moving toward increasing autonomy. Such weapons would identify and attack targets without human assistance.
科学家们尚未开发出完全自主杀人机器。然而，技术正逐步走向提高自主权。这类武器可以无需人工辅助识别并攻击目标。

Noel Sharkey is a founding member of the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots. He also chairs the International Committee for Robot Arms Control. Mr Sharkey says autonomous weapons should be banned.
诺埃尔·夏基（Noel Sharkey）是制止杀人机器联盟的创始成员。他也是国际机器人武器控制委员会的主席。夏基先生表示，自主武器应当被禁止。

"The big problem for me is that there are no robot systems that can discriminate between civilian targets and military targets unless they are very, very clearly marked in some way…so, the idea of having robots going out into the field and selecting their own targets is to me, is just horrifying. It cannot work, " said Sharkey.
他说，“对我来说最大的问题是，尚没有机器人系统可以区分平民目标和军事目标，除非他们有非常明显的标记。因此，我认为让机器人自己到现场选择攻击目标的想法是非常可怕的，这一想法没法成功实现。”

Activists say robotic systems with different degrees of autonomy are already in use by Britain, Israel, the United States and South Korea. They believe China and Russia are also moving toward these systems.
活动人士称，不同程度自主权的机器人系统已经在英国、以色列、美国和韩国得到应用。他们认为，中、俄也在走向这类系统。

Steve Goose is a member of the campaign, he also directs the Arms Division at Human Rights Watch. He warns the killer robots will become a reality unless governments act now to ban them. He says the world should oppose the weapons system that would be able to identify and attack targets mechanically.
史蒂芬· 古斯（Steve Goose）也是该联盟成员，他还负责人权观察组织的武器分部。他警告说，杀人机器将成为现实，除非各国政府立即采取行动。他说，全球应该反对这类能够自动识别和攻击目标的武器系统。

He believes such a system crosses a basic moral and ethical line.
他认为这类系统越过了基本的道德和伦理界线。

"Robotic weapons systems should not make life and death decisions on the battlefield. That is simply inherently wrong. So, they need to be banned on ethical grounds. We think they also need to be banned on legal grounds. If and when a killer robot commits a war crime, violates international humanitarian law…who would be held accountable, who would be responsible for that violation?" said Goose.
古斯说，“机器人武器系统不应该在战场上做出生死抉择。这简直荒谬绝伦。因此基于道德立场他们应当被禁止，我们认为基于法律立场他们也应该被禁止。如果杀人机器犯了战争罪，违反了国际人道主义法，谁将会被追责？谁为此承担责任？”

He adds that in recent months, fully autonomous weapons have gone from a little known issue to one that is commanding worldwide attention. He says that since last May, 34 countries have openly expressed concern about the dangers the weapons present.
他补充说，最近几个月，完全自主武器从一个鲜为人知的问题变成博取世界关注的焦点。他说，从去年5月开始，34个国家已经公开表达了对这种危险武器的担忧。

Mr Goose notes that in 1995, the Convention on Conventional Weapons added a new policy to the treaty, which barred the use of blinding lasers. He believes killer robots could become the second such weapon to be banned before it is ever used in battle. 古斯先生指出，1995年常规武器公约增加了禁止使用激光致盲武器的新政策。他认为，杀人机器可能会在投入战场使用之前成为第二个这类（被禁止的）武器。