2013年12月英语四级答案

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试题答案：

四级作文
听力理解
阅读理解
汉译英
听力原文
答案解析

新东方赵子凌：2013年12月英语四级真题作文范文

　　As the drawing presents, there is a man walking across the street absorbedly focusing on his cell phone without noticing the surroundings. This sort of phenomenon is not uncommon and rare in some metropolis, especially among the youngsters.
　　What the picture illustrates is the prevailing situation that has long existed in today's China. That is the mobile phone obsession. With the advent of information age, people are becoming increasingly fascinated on the electronic products, especially the cell phones. Not surprisingly, you could easily notice that most of us are obsessed in sending messages, playing online games with their mobile phones. It cannot be denied that this phenomenon may negatively impact the relationship among people, and therefore they will become estranged and isolated.
　　Personally, in view of the overuse of mobile phones, I hold that we individuals should raise the necessary awareness that good relationship are reinforced by sincere and face-to-face communication.

2013年12月英语四级作文题目一：社交网络对人际交流的影响

　　The Impact of the Internet on the Way People Communicate

　　Being a product of high-technology, Internet and computers are being more and more widely used in our everyday life. They can offer us fast and convenient service for communication.

　　In recent years, computers and the Internet have become popular among university students. Quite a lot of them use them at school to keep in touch with their families and friends instead of going home to see them in person or writing letters. Which, of course brings conveniences to them, but I don’t think it is good to do so. Internet makes electronic communication convenient, but it will never replace face to face contact. Both electronic communication and face-to-face contact are important in our life. What we should do it to apply each communication ways in the right way.

　　Technology development enables us to communication with parents and friend in a brand new and fast way, but it is face-to face contact that deepens the feelings and emotions between people.

　　写作

　　From the cartoon given above, we can observe that there are many people crossing the street. Instead of looking at the way, they are staring at their cell phones and using walking sticks to see. It is obvious that they are fascinated with cell phones while even ignore their security.
　　We learn from the cartoon that cell phones have been increasingly widespread in people's life. Cell phones are of great benefit to all of us. One of the most obvious advantages is that we can contact with our friends and relatives more conveniently than ever before. However, it is mobile-phones' advantages that lead some people to overuse or be addicted to them, which tends to exert a negative impact on our life. For example, overusing cellphones will reduce face-to-face communication among people. It seems that most of us enjoy the convenience of contact at the expense of interpersonal relationships. Moreover，entertaining electronic games, magnanimous information and a bewildering variety of social networking tools in mobile phones have occupied much of our time. Information distribution tools and social networking tools, in particular, have attracted all of our attention, which tempts us to keep our eyes on the screen around the corner of every second. Then, do not expect us to talk with the people around us, we don't have time! This, has resulted in a phenomenon of "alienation between acquaintances and familiarity between strangers".
　　Science and technology and modern tools should be served as an "angel" to improve our living standard, rather than a devil to disturb our normal life and communication. Just imagine, live one day without mobile phone, will you be relaxed? Or anxious? (279words)
　　参考译文：
　　如图所示，我们可以看到有很多的人正在过马路，他们没有仔细看路，却都盯着自己的手机并且用一根拐杖代替他们看路。很明显，他们都着迷于手机，甚至忽视了自身安全。
　　我们从图画得知手机已经在人们的生活中越来越普遍。手机对于我们有巨大的好处，最明显的好处之一，就是我们可以比以前更加便利地联系朋友和亲人。然而，正是手机的诸多好处导致一些人过度使用或者是沉迷于手机，而这往往会给我们的生活造成一些负面的影响。比如，过度使用手机将会减少人与人之间的面对面的沟通。似乎我们大多数人都是以牺牲人际关系来享用联系的便利性。再者，手机上得娱乐性的电子游戏，海量的信息和各种各样的社交网络个您根据也已经占据了我们很多的时间。尤其是信息传播工具和社交网络工具已经占据了我们所有的注意力，这使我们每分每秒地将目光锁定在屏幕上。那么，就别指望我们很周围的人聊天了，我们没有那个时间！这也导致了一个现象："熟悉人的陌生化，陌生人的熟悉化"！
　　科技和现代工具应该是提高我们生活质量的"天使",而不应该是影响我们正常生活和沟通的"魔鬼"。设想一下，如果过一天没有手机的生活，你会放松？还是会焦虑?

更多2013年12月英语四级考试作文范文请访问:2013年12月英语四级作文题目和范文

2013年12月四级听力答案（第二版）

1. C. Consult a travel agent.

2. A. They are on a long trip by car.

3. C. He is unwilling to speak in public.

4. B. Purse further education.

5. A. He would not be available to start the job in time.

6. B. Mechanic.

7. D. Ask Laura to put off the cleaning until another week.

8. A. A problem caused by the construction.

9. C. To place an order for some products.

10. A. The person in charge is not in the office.

11. B. 0734, 21653 extension 51.

12. B. Since he took to heavy smoking.

13. A. He is getting too fat.

14. D. They dislike doing physical exercise.

15. C. To find a girlfriend.

16-19音频无。

20. B. Considerate.

21. A. Someone dumped the clothes left in the washer and dryer.

22. C. Informing the building manager of the matter.

23. A. She is both a popular and a highly respected author.

24. B. The Nobel Prize for literature.

25. D. She is a black woman.

26. In addition

27. software

28. available

29. individuals

30. technological

31. manufacture

32. In short

33. By contrast

34. scientific

35. quantity

　　2013年12月英语四级听力答案(网友版)

　　1.The time needed in making choices may---B To ensure more rights for people

　　2.to be easily reinforced

　　3.it is made of

　　4.to give

　　5.waterproof

　　6.both parents and children

　　7.partially true

　　8.he has

　　9.the author is

　　10.extracurricular

　　11to keep track of people who

　　12.many people

　　13.are likely to mess things up

　　14women are

　　15.we learn

　　16.it can be

　　17.lapses can't

　　18.what is the

　　19.are gaining more

　　20missing opportunities

　　21.ability to speak

　　22.the whle negotiation process

　　23.have never been so

　　24.the influences of their

　　25.career seekers

　　26.establishes

　　27..breank

　　28..serve

　　29..larger

　　30.aves

　　31.since

　　32.breed

　　33..by

　　34.practice

　　35.comparison

　　36.the least

　　37.speak

　　听力参考答案
　　1-8 CACBA BDA
　　9-11 CAB
　　12-15 DADC
　　16-19 暂无
　　20-22 DAC
　　23-25 ABD
　　26-35 In addition; software; available; individuals; technological; manufacture; In short; By contrast; scientific; quantity
　　选词填空：
　　36-45
　　N site
　　L rare
　　I honoring
　　F different
　　D current
　　C covers
　　J hope
　　M realistic
　　H fast
　　长篇阅读：
　　46-55
　　kcebh djclf
　　仔细阅读
　　第一篇
　　56-60
　　cadcd
　　第二篇
　　61-65
　　abdbc

36. worsens
37. experience
38. specialized
39. additional
40.qualifies
41. graduates
42. trained
43. demand
44. tension
45. view

四级阅读仔细阅读1（第一版）答案
　　56. A. How we perceive the food we eat.
　　57. D. You would not feel so hungry.
　　58. B. Food labels may influence our body's response to food.
　　59. A. Trick ourselves into eating less.
　　60. B. Psychological factors influence our hunger levels.

四级阅读仔细阅读2（第一版）答案
　　61. B) It prepares students to meet the future needs of society.
　　62. D) Creating the highest dropout rate in the developed world.
　　63. C) New positions are constantly created that require people to keep learning.
　　64. C) Basic skills needed for change and lifelong learning.
　　65. D) Avoiding too much intervention in their children's education.

　　四级阅读仔细阅读1（第二版）答案
　　56. C. They love what they do and choose not to retire.
　　57. A. Neither of them is subject to forced retirement.
　　58. D. Working at an advanced age lengthens people's life.
　　59. C. It is a compensation for one's life-long hard work.
　　60. D. They prevent young people from getting ahead.

　　2013年12月英语四级考试已经结束，以下是网友提供的2013年12月英语四级阅读答案卷二，供各位考生参考。
　　四级阅读选词填空
　　36-45 F involves N issues Blimited M prompting O specialize Hresult K involves C
　　magnificent Ilimited E respect
　　四级阅读长篇阅读第二卷：
　　46-55 C prefer to B aslong as D thetruth H
　　within A myown I With the G can F Just as E at home K such as
　　四级阅读仔细阅读第二卷
　　56-60 C can learn D more and more B failed to D risks to D apply for61-65 C good to B So tha t A
　　to get Cother B therest of

　　阅读一：文章in erceni years
　　58 what do wa learn 选c
　　59 what does 选c
　　60 what is mean 选B
　　第三套阅读 56 A How we .. 57 C ..have a good appetitude 58 B food labels may responce .. 59 C concentrate .. 60 D good eating habits ..
　　卷3阅读 61B itprepares 62 A ignoring 63Cnew positiong 64C basic skills 65Davoiding
　　选词填空第四卷：
　　36-45 J due to A science C research O students H cutting
　　36-46 M applying to E has increased L has been F application.I encourage
　　长篇阅读第四卷：
　　36-45 J become A rate of COH MELFI 46-55 CFHDA IABGE
　　仔细阅读第四卷
　　56-65 BDCBC BACCA
　　第二套是咖啡和茶求第二套答案
　　第三套阅读 56 A How we .. 57 C ..have a good appetitude 58 B food labels may responce .. 59 C concentrate .. 60 D good eating habits ..
　　卷3阅读 61B itprepares 62 A ignoring 63Cnew positiong 64C basic skills 65Davoiding
　　选词填空第四卷：
　　36-45 J due to A science C research O students H cutting
　　36-46 M applying to E has increased L has been F application.I encourage
　　长篇阅读第四卷：
　　36-45 J become A rate of COH MELFI 46-55 CFHDA IABGE
　　仔细阅读第四卷
　　56-65 BDCBC BACCA

2013年12月大学英语四级真题翻译答案之三（文都）

　信息技术(Information Technology)，正在飞速的发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术(Information Technology)引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。

　　【参考译文】With full speed development of the information technology, Chinese citizens pay more and more attention to it. Some schools even take the information technology as a required course. For this phenomenon, different people have different opinion. Some people argue that it is not necessary to do this since the traditional courses are supposed to be learned. While some others hold the opposite view, they believe that China should keep pace with the times. No matter how, it is a good thing that information technology has drawn attention of the people.

【参考译文】　As China citizens attaching great importance to the rapidly development of Information Technology, some college even set it as a compulsory course. Regarding to this phenomenon, people hold different views. Some people think it is not necessary, for students should learn the traditional curriculum. Another part of people think it is a need, because China should keep pace with the times. Anyway, it is a good thing that Information Technology aroused public concern.

2013年12月大学英语四级真题翻译答案之四（文都）

　　【翻译原文】

　　“你要茶还是咖啡?”是用餐人常被问到的问题。许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶。相传，中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病，在明清(The Qing Dynasties)期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到18世纪才传到欧美。如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一，茶是中国的瑰宝，也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。

　　【参考译文】

　　“Would you like tea or coffee?” This is a question which the dining people are frequently asked. Some westerners tend to choose coffee, while the Chinese usually choose tea. There is a legend that one Chinese emperor found tea 5,000 years ago and used it to cure illnesses. During the Ming and Q ing Dynasties, tea houses were widespread throughout China. Tea-drinking was spread to Japan in the 6th century but to Europe and America until the 18th century. Nowadays, tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world. Tea is the treasure of China, and it is also an important part of the Chinese tradition and culture.

【参考译文】(新东方)　　“Which one would you prefer, coffee or tea?” This is a question often asked to customers. Many western people would choose coffee, while Chinese people would choose tea. According to history, having discovered tea 500 years ago, a Chinese emperor used it to cure pain. Tea houses were all over the country in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Having spread to Japan in 6th centuries, tea came to Europe and America until around 17 or 18 centuries. Nowadays, tea has become one of the most popular beverages in the world.

【翻译原文】很多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看。烹饪技术和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养（nutrition）。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物，肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡。所以中餐美味又健康。

【参考译文】Many people like Chinese food. In China, cooking is not only regarded as a skill but also an art. The well/carefully-prepared Chinese food is tasty and good-looking. The way of cooking and ingredients selectionvary greatly across China. However, good cooking has one thing in common, that is, to always concern colors, smell, tastes and nutrition. As food is vital for man’s health, good cooks are always making efforts to maintain balance between grains meats and vegetables. Thus, Chinese food is delicious and healthy.

【考点解析】
被动态；
单复数混用；
逻辑连词，例如并列以及转折；
复合式形容结构，比如：精心准备的carefully-prepared.

【翻译原文】

　　中国结(the Chinese knot) 最初是由手工艺人发明的。经过数百年不断的改造，已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。在古代，人们用它来记录事件，但现在主要用于装饰的目的。“结”在中文里意味着爱情，婚姻和团聚。中国结常常作为礼物交换或用作饰品祈求好运和避邪。这种形式的手工艺(handcraft)代代相传，现在已经在中国和世界各地越来越受欢迎。

　【参考译文】

　　The Chinese knot is originally invented by the handicraftsman. After several hundred years’ innovation, it has evolved into an elegant and colorful art and craft. In ancient times, it was used for recording events, while now it is mainly a decorative handicraft art. In Chinese, "Knot" means love, marriage and reunion. The Chinese knot is often used as a gift to express good wishes or a talisman to ward off evil spirits. The handcraft has passed on for generations and become more and more popular in China and the world。

　　1. W: I’d like to take a trip to Florida for my spring break, can you give me any idea where to go?

　　M: I could tell you about the places I visited, but I think you ‘d better look up a travel agency to help the arrangement.

　　Q: what does the man suggest the woman do?

　　2. M: I’m really tired of driving at night. Even thought the traffic seems fine.

　　W: I see. Let’s stop for some food and then find a motel nearby, so we can start early tomorrow.

　　Q: what do we learn about the speakers?

　　3. M: Jeff’s got a lot of good ideas. Do you think he is willing to come to the meeting?

　　W: Oh I think he’d be glad to come, but what’s difficult is getting the guy to speak before a large crowd.

　　Q: What does the woman imply about Jeff?

　　4. W: I hear you leave the company and going back to school this year.

　　M: Yes, I’m enrolled in a graduate program in public administration.

　　Q: What is the man going to do?

　　5. W: Have you applied for the Art director position?

　　M: No, I’d like to. But the job starts on the first of May and I wouldn’t be available until June.

　　Q: What does the man mean?

　　6. W: Will my car be ready by the end of the day?

　　M: It should be. I’ll call if there are any problems. We are open until 6.

　　Q: What is probably the man’s job?

　　7. W: I have a big paper due Monday, but I promise Laura we’d be clean the apartment this weekend. What am I going to do?

　　M: Why don’t you just see if Laura can wait for a week or two?

　　Q: what does the man suggest the woman do?

　　8. W: Construction on the bridge has really slowed the traffic.

　　M: I know. Since they started working the time it takes me get to work has doubled

　　Q: What are the speakers talking about?

　　四级听力短对话

　　Question 1

　　M: After high school, I’d like to go to college and major in business administration.

　　W: But I’d rather spend my college days finding out how children learn.

　　Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

　　Question 2

　　W: Is everything ready for the conference?

　　M: The only thing left to do is set up the microphones and speakers. They'll be here in a few minutes.

　　Q: What preparations have yet to be made?

　　Question 3

　　W: Is it almost time to go home now? I'm so tired. I can hardly see straight.

　　M: Just a few more minutes, then we can go.

　　Q: What is the woman’s problem?

　　Question 4

　　W: I'm not sure what I’m in a mood for. Ice-cream or sandwiches? They are both really good here.

　　M: The movie starts in an hour. And we still have to get there and park. So just make a decision.

　　Q: What does the man mean?

　　Question 5

　　W: Tom said he would come to repair our solar heater when he has time.

　　M: He often says he is willing to help, but he never seems to have time.

　　Q: What does the man imply about Tom?

　　Question 6

　　W: So you know that Sam turns down the job offered by the travel agency.

　　M: Yes. The hours were convenient. But if he had accepted it, he wouldn’t be able to make ends meet.

　　Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

　　Question 7

　　M: Could you tell me a bit about the business your company is doing?

　　W: We mainly deal with large volume buyers from western countries and our products have been well received.

　　Q: What business is the woman’s company doing?

　　Question 8

　　W: Yesterday I made reservations for my trip to Miami next month.

　　M: You must really be looking forward to it. You haven’t had any time off for at least two years.

　　Q: What is the woman going to do?

　　【四级听力长对话原文1】

　　M: Excuse me, I need some information about some of the towns near here.

　　W: What would you like to know?

　　M: Well, first, I'd like directions to go to Norwalk. I believe there is an interesting museum there. It isn't far, is it?

　　W: No, not at all. Norwalk is about eighteen miles east of here on Route 7. And you're right. It's a wonderful little museum.

　　M: Oh good. Now what about Amitsville? I have some friends. I'd like to visit there and I also want to get to Newton. They are near each other, aren't they?

　　W: Hmm... well, they are actually in opposite directions. Amitsville is northeast. It's about thirty five miles northeast of here.

　　M: Huh-uh, thirty five miles northeast. And how about Newton?

　　W: Well, Newton is in the other direction. It's southwest, so it isn't really very close to Amitsville at all and it's a long drive. It's about fifty five miles southwest from here and the road is not at all straight.

　　M: Fifty five miles southwest! Well, maybe I won't go there this time.

　　W: I'd recommend visiting Westfield or Great Town. They are both very close. Westfield is just seven miles west of here and Great Town is about five miles south. They are really pretty little towns with lots of old houses and beautiful tree-lined streets.

　　M: I see. Seven miles west to Westfield and five miles south to Great Town. Good. Well, I think that's all the information I need for a while. Thank you. You've been very helpful.

　　W: You're welcome, sir. I hope you enjoy your stay.

　　Q9: What does the man know about Norwalk?

　　Q10: What does the woman say about Amitsville and Newton?

　　Q11: What do we learn about Westfield and Great Town?

【四级听力长对话原文2】
　　M: Err... Sandra, I've finished with Mr. Gordon now. Do you think you could pop through in bringing me up-to-date on their arrangements for the Italian trip?
　　W: Certainly, Mr. Wilkinson. I'll bring everything with me.
　　M: Right, take a seat. Now my first meeting is when?
　　W: Your first meeting is on Monday the 21st at 9a.m. with Dr. Gucci of Bancos en Piedra in Milan.
　　M: OK, so can I fly out early Monday morning?
　　W: Well, there is a flight to Lenarty Airport which leaves at six thirty London time and gets in at eight thirty Italian time.
　　M: Yeah, but that only leaves me thirty minutes to clear customs in getting to the city center and it means I have to check in by five thirty, which means leaving home at about four fifteen.
　　W: I'm afraid so.
　　M: Hmm... not so keen on that. What's the program for the rest of that day?
　　W: It's quite full, I'm afraid. At eleven, you're seeing Jeana Rivard at Meg Star and then you'll have a lunch engagement with Gaven from the Chamber of Commerce at one.
　　M: Where's that?
　　W: You're meeting him at his office and then he's taking you somewhere.
　　M: Good, that sounds fine. What about the afternoon?
　　W: Well, at three thirty, you're seeing our sales representative there and then you're free till evening.
　　M: I see. I seem to remember that I'm having a dinner with someone from Bergamo.
　　W: That's right. And Mr. Betty from SAP Industries at eight.
　　Q12: What would the man like the woman to do?
　　Q13: At what time is Mr. Wilkinson going to leave home for the airport?
　　Q14: Who is Mr. Wilkinson going to have a lunch with on Monday?
　　Q15: What is most probably the woman's job?

Listening Passage 1

Donna Fredrick’s served with the Peace Corps for two years in Brazil. She joined the Peace Corps after she graduated from the college because she wanted to do something to help other people. She had been brought up on a farm, so the Peace Corps assigned her to an agricultural project. Before she went to Brazil, she studied Portuguese for three months. She also learnt a great deal about its history and culture. During her two years with the Peace Corps, Donna lived in a village in northeast Brazil. That part of Brazil is very dry and farming is often difficult there. Donna helped the people of the village to organise an irrigation project, and she also advised them on planting corps. They didn’t require much water. When Donna returned to the States, she couldn’t settle down. She tried several jobs, but they seemed very boring to her. She couldn’t get Brazil out of her mind. Finally, one day she got on a plane and went back to Brazil. She wasn’t sure what she’s going to do. She just wanted to be there. After a few weeks, Donna found a job as an English teacher, teaching five classes a day. Like most of the teachers, she doesn’t make much money. She shares a small apartment with another teacher. And she makes a little extra money by sending stories to newspapers in the States. Eventually she wants to quit teaching and work as a full-time journalist.

Question 16

Why did Donna join the Peace Corps after she graduated from college?

Question 17

What was Donna assigned to do in Brazil?

Question 18

Why did Donna go back to Brazil once again?

Question 19

How did Donna make extra money to support herself?

　　Passage 2

　　Results of a recent Harry’s pool on free time showed that the average work week for many Americans is 50 hours. With the time spent eating, sleeping and taking care of the household duties, there’s little time left for leisure activities for many Americans. However, having free time to relax and pursue hobbies is important. People need time away from the pressures of study or work to relax and enjoy time with friends and family. In many countries free time is spent in different ways. The results of a Harry’s pool showed that reading was the most popular spare time activity in the US. This was followed by watching TV. In a UK survey on leisure time activities, watching TV and videos was the most popular. Listening to the radio came second. In a similar survey conducted in Japan, the most popular free time activity was eating out. The second most popular activity was driving. There were also differences in the most popular outdoor pursuits between the three countries. The most popular outdoor activity for Americans was gardening. In the UK, it was going to the pub. In Japan, going to bars ranked eighth in popularity and gardening ranked ninth. Although people around the world may enjoy doing similar things in their free time, there’s evidence to suggest that these interests are changing. In the US, for example, the popularity of computer activities is increasing. Many more people in the States are spending their free time surfing the web, emailing friends or playing games online.

　　Question 20

　　What is the recent Harry Pole about?

　　Question 21

　　What was the most popular leisure activity in the US?

　　Question 22

　　What was the most popular outdoor pursuit in the UK?

　　Passage 3
　　On March 13th, while on duty Charles Mclocklin, a very careless driver employed by the company Lummis was involved in another accident. The accident occurred in Riverside California. Not paying attention to his driving, Mclocklin turned right on main street and 33rd street and hit Volkswagen rabbit. This caused minor damage to his truck and serious damage to the car. On the basis of the police report, the Lummis accident committee correctly determined that Mclocklin had been quite careless. As a result of the committee’s conclusion, the branch manager Mr. David Rossi reported that he had talked with Mclocklin about his extremely poor driving record. Further evidence of Mclocklin’s irresponsibility occurred on May 6th when he was returning from his shift. That day he ran into a roll-up door at the Lummis facility in Valero, causing significant damage to the door. Damage to the truck, however, was minor. Finally, on June 7th, Mclocklin once again demonstrated his carelessness by knocking down several mail boxes near the edge of the company’s parking lot. There was damage to the mailboxes and minor damage to the truck. Mr. David Rossi stated that he had spoken with Mclocklin on several occasions about his driving record. He added that he had warned Mclocklin that three preventable accidents in one year could lead to his discharge, as indeed it should.
　　23. What did the Lummis accident committee find out about the accident that occurred on March 13th?
　　24. What did Mclocklin do on June 7th near the edge of the company’s parking lot?
　　25. What is most probably going to happen to Mclocklin?

【听力填空】

　　When Captain Cook asked the chiefs in Tahiti why they always ate apart and alone, they replied, “Because it is right。” If we ask Americans why they eat with knives and forks, or why their men wear pants instead of skirts or why they may be married to only one person at a time, we are likely to get similar and very uninformative answers because it’s right, because that’s the way it’s done, because it’s the custom or even I don’t know. The reason for these and countless other patterns of social behavior is that they are controlled by social norms shared rules or guide lines which prescribe the behavior that is appropriate in a given situation. Norms define how people ought to behave under particular circumstances in a particular society. We conform to norms so readily that we are hardly aware they exist. In fact we are much more likely to notice departures from norms than conformity to them. You will not be surprised if a stranger tried to shake hands when you were introduced, but you might be a little startled if they bowed, started to stroke you or kissed you on both cheeks. Yet each of these other forms of greeting is appropriate in other parts of the world. When we visit another society whose norms are different, we quickly become aware that things we do this way, they do that way。

2013年12月英语四级听力听写部分真题