Nearly seven months after the Israel-Hamas war began, the demonstrations convulsing college campuses nationwide are exposing fresh tensions within the Democratic Party over how to balance free speech protections and support for Gazans with concerns that some Jewish Americans are raising about antisemitism.
以色列-哈马斯战争爆发近七个月后，美国各地大学校园发生的示威活动暴露了民主党内部新的紧张关系，即如何在保护言论自由、支持加沙人与应对一些犹太裔美国人提出的反犹主义担忧之间取得平衡。

From New York and Los Angeles to Atlanta and Austin, a surge in student activism has manifested in protest encampments and other demonstrations, drawing significant police crackdowns and sometimes appearing to attract outside agitators. The protests also have emerged as the latest flashpoint in the internal Democratic debate over the war.
从纽约、洛杉矶到亚特兰大和奥斯汀，学生行动主义的激增在抗议营地和其他示威活动中表现得淋漓尽致，招致了警方的严厉打击，有时似乎还吸引了外部煽动者。这些抗议活动也成为民主党内部关于战争问题争论的最新热点。

As scenes of campus turmoil play out across the country in the final days of the school year, the moment also carries political risk for a party that has harnessed promises of stability and normalcy to win critical recent elections, and faces a challenging battle for control of the government in the fall.
在学年的最后几天里，校园的动荡场景在全国各地上演，对于一个利用对稳定和正常的承诺赢得了最近关键性选举的政党来说，这一时刻也蕴含着政治风险，该党将在秋季的政府控制权争夺战中面临挑战。

“The real question is, can the Democrats again portray themselves as the steady hand at the helm?” said Dan Sena, a veteran Democratic strategist. “Things that create national chaos like this make that harder to do.”
“真正的问题是，民主党能否再次将自己塑造成稳健的掌舵者？”民主党资深战略家丹·塞纳说。“像这样造成全国混乱的事情会让我们更难做到这一点。”

Mr. Sena and other Democrats have argued that Americans have good reason to associate their opponents with chaos: Former President Donald J. Trump faces multiple criminal cases; the narrow, fractious House Republican majority has its own divisions concerning Israel and free speech; some Republicans have urged National Guard deployments to college campuses; and for years, Republicans have faced criticism over antisemitism in their own ranks.
塞纳和其他民主党人认为，美国人有充分的理由将他们的对手共和党与混乱联系在一起：前总统特朗普面临着多起刑事案件；众议院共和党的多数派优势微弱，而且纷争不断，在以色列和言论自由问题上也存在分歧；一些共和党人敦促在大学校园部署国民警卫队；多年来，共和党人一直面临着对其内部反犹太主义的批评。

But since the Hamas-led attack on Israel on Oct. 7, and the Israeli military response that has killed more than 30,000 people, according to local authorities, the fight over American policy toward Israel has been especially pronounced on the left.
但自从去年10月7日哈马斯领导对以色列的袭击，以及以色列做出军事回应以来，美国对以色列政策引起的争论在左翼人士之间尤为激烈。据当地政府称，以色列的军事行动已造成3万多人死亡。

Most Democrats say they both support free speech and condemn antisemitism, and consider criticism of the Israeli government to be fair game. But in seeking to address an intractable conflict marked by competing historical narratives, debates over how to distinguish between legitimate criticism of Israel and antisemitic speech are fraught and reaching a fever pitch on campus.
大多数民主党人表示，他们既支持言论自由，也谴责反犹太主义，并认为对以色列政府的批评是公平的。但是，面对这场以针锋相对的历史叙事为特征的鏖战，对以色列的合理批评和反犹主义言论有何分别成了一种令人忧心的辩论，并在大学校园里达到了白热化的程度。

To some lawmakers who have visited encampments and attended demonstrations, the students are part of a long tradition of campus activism, and their free speech rights are at risk. Incidents of antisemitism, they say, do not reflect a broader movement that includes many young progressive Jews.
对于一些参观过学生营地和参加过示威活动的立法者来说，这些学生是悠久的校园行动主义传统的一部分，他们的言论自由权现在受到了威胁。他们说，反犹事件并不能体现这是一场有许多进步犹太青年参与的更广泛的运动。

Representative Greg Casar of Texas went to the University of Texas to show solidarity with demonstrators, linking their activism to that of students who opposed the Vietnam and Iraq wars.
得克萨斯州众议员格雷格·卡萨尔前往得克萨斯大学声援示威者，将他们的行动与反对越战和伊拉克战争的学生的行动联系起来。

“So often, history ends up vindicating those who call for peace early,” he said. “I do think that more and more members of Congress will start to show up at these events and start to hear out more and more of where the students are coming from.”
“历史往往会证明那些一早就呼吁和平的人是正确的，”他说。“我确实认为，越来越多的国会议员会开始出席这些活动，并越来越多地倾听学生们的心声。”

Asked about instances in which demonstrators around the country have used antisemitic language, Mr. Casar replied, “those people suck.”
当被问及全国各地的一些示威者使用反犹语言的情况时，卡萨尔回答说：“那些人太差劲了。”

“They’re not a part of the peace movement,” he said. “Anybody that’s motivated by hatred — be it racism, Islamophobia, antisemitism, hatred of any form — they’re not peaceful.”
“他们不是和平运动的一部分，”他说。“任何以仇恨为动机的人，无论是种族主义、伊斯兰恐惧症、反犹主义，还是任何形式的仇恨，都不是和平主义者。”

But to other Democrats, instances of intimidation and harassment described by some Jewish students are a defining feature of the campus movement.
但在其他民主党人看来，一些犹太学生描述的恐吓和骚扰事件是这场校园运动的一个显著特点。

Nowhere have those tensions been more clear than at Columbia University, which has become both an epicenter of the protest movement and a focal point for its detractors.
这种紧张关系在哥伦比亚大学表现得最为明显，该校既是抗议运动的中心，也是批评者的焦点。

Democrats including President Biden, House and Senate leaders and prominent Senate candidates such as Representatives Adam Schiff in California and Ruben Gallego in Arizona have condemned antisemitic harassment around Columbia.
包括拜登总统、众议院和参议院领导人在内的民主党人，以及加利福尼亚州众议员亚当·希夫和亚利桑那州众议员鲁本·加列戈等著名参议员候选人都谴责了哥大附近的反犹骚扰行为。

Other Democrats have sought to show solidarity in person with Jewish students who have described feeling unsafe. Representative Jared Moskowitz, a Florida Democrat, recently visited the campus with several other Jewish lawmakers.
其他民主党人也试图亲自声援那些自称感到不安全的犹太学生。佛罗里达州民主党众议员贾里德·莫斯科维茨最近与其他几位犹太裔议员一起访问了校园。

Some in his party, he said, were downplaying the hard-line nature of some of the demonstrations.
他说，他所在政党中的一些人正在淡化某些示威活动的强硬性质。

“There are people who are peaceful, and there are not,” he said. “But there’s a denial from my friends on the left,” a view that “‘everyone’s peaceful, there’s no antisemitism.’”
“有人爱好和平，也有人不爱好和平，"他说。“但我的左翼朋友们否认这一点，”他们认为“每个人都是和平的，不存在反犹主义”。

He declined to name names, though he and Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez have sparred on social media. Ms. Ocasio-Cortez of New York, one of several progressive lawmakers who have visited the Columbia encampment, has also condemned “horrific people wandering outside” Columbia’s campus who espouse “virulent antisemitism.”
尽管他和众议员亚历山德里亚·奥卡西奥-科尔特斯在社交媒体上有过争论，但他拒绝点名。纽约州议员奥卡西奥-科尔特斯是访问过哥大营地的几位进步派议员之一，她也谴责了“在哥大校园外徘徊的可怕的人”，这些人信奉“恶毒的反犹主义”。

But broadly, Mr. Moskowitz argued, some on the left who rightfully criticized antisemitic chants from “white, Aryan-looking men with tiki torches” rallying in Charlottesville, Va., in 2017 seemed reluctant to denounce threatening speech when it came from liberal-leaning Americans.
但莫斯科维茨认为，整体来说，一些左翼人士曾理直气壮地批评2017年在弗吉尼亚州夏洛茨维尔的集会上“手持忻火炬的雅利安人模样的白人”发出的反犹口号，但当威胁性言论来自有自由主义倾向的美国人时，他们似乎不愿意谴责这种言论。

“I don’t see the same level of outrage,” Mr. Moskowitz said. “It’s politically inconvenient now.”
“我没有看到同样程度的愤怒，”莫斯科维茨说。“因为现在政治上不太方便了。”

Representative Jerrold Nadler of New York, a long-serving Jewish member of Congress, has also expressed concerns about antisemitism. But he said his party was consistent in calling out bigotry, in contrast to many Republicans, pointing to Charlottesville. (Mr. Moskowitz shared that assessment about Republicans.)
纽约众议员杰罗尔德·纳德勒是一位长期任职的犹太裔国会议员，他也表达了对反犹主义的担忧。但他表示，与许多共和党人相比，他所在的民主党在抨击歧视方面是一以贯之的，并指出了夏洛茨维尔事件。(莫斯科维茨对共和党人也有同样的评价）。

“Democrats are willing to call out antisemitism, wherever it is, and certainly there’s been some antisemitism on campuses,” Mr. Nadler said, though he questioned how representative the demonstrations were of the student body.
纳德勒说：“民主党人愿意抨击反犹太主义，无论它出现在哪里，当然校园里也有一些反犹主义现象。”不过他对示威活动在学生群体中的代表性提出了质疑。

Lauren Hitt, a spokeswoman for Mr. Biden’s campaign, said that “while Donald Trump stood proudly with white supremacists and encouraged violent crackdowns on peaceful demonstrators,” Mr. Biden defends the First Amendment and has “strengthened protections against antisemitism and Islamophobia.”
拜登竞选团队的发言人劳伦·希特表示，”唐纳德·特朗普自豪地与白人至上主义者站在一起，并鼓励暴力镇压和平示威者”，而拜登则捍卫第一修正案，并“加强了针对反犹主义和伊斯兰恐惧症的防护”。

In Georgia, where demonstrators at Emory University were subdued forcefully, State Representative Ruwa Romman said that “there is no room for antisemitism in this movement.”
在佐治亚州，埃默里大学的示威者被强行压制，州众议员鲁瓦·罗姆曼说，“这场运动容不下反犹主义。”

But she warned against focusing on a “few agitators” over the “thousands of students who are welcoming, who believe in a multiracial, multicultural, multi-faith world.”
但她警告称，不要只关注“少数煽动者”，而忽视“成千上万乐于接纳、相信多种族、多文化、多信仰世界的学生”。

“When we lose young people, we’re not just losing at the ballot box,” said Ms. Romman, a Democrat who is Palestinian. “We’re losing them in the entire electoral apparatus.”
巴勒斯坦裔民主党人罗姆曼说：“当我们失去年轻人时，我们不仅仅是在投票点失去他们，”她说。“我们在整个选举机制中都失去了他们。”

In the meantime, some Republicans are seeking to paint the whole Democratic Party as extreme and overly attuned to concerns of Ivy League protesters.
与此同时，一些共和党人试图将整个民主党描绘成极端、过分关注常春藤联盟抗议者关心之事的形象。

Democrats “are demonstrating that they’re listening to a very small, very radical, very online segment of their base that is not representative of the broader electorate,” said Jack Pandol, a spokesman for the House Republican campaign arm, which is selling T-shirts that allude to a profanity aimed at Hamas.
众议院共和党竞选机构的发言人杰克·潘多尔称，民主党人“正在表明，他们正在倾听其选民基础中一个非常小、非常激进、非常网络化的群体的声音，而这个群体并不能代表更广泛的选民。”他所在的机构销售的T恤暗示了咒骂哈马斯的脏话。

Former Representative Steve Israel, who led the House Democratic campaign arm, said that while Republicans might see a messaging opportunity, it was far too early to determine whether it would be potent come November.
曾领导众议院民主党竞选机构的前众议员史蒂夫·伊斯雷尔说，虽然共和党人可能看到了一个传达信息的机会，但现在就断定它是否会在11月发挥作用还为时过早。

“Campuses generally clear out in summer, the energy on this issue may dissipate and the question will be whether it returns in the fall,” he said. “The answer to that isn’t here. It’s in the Middle East.”
“校园到了夏天一般不会有很多人留下，这个事情上的能量可能会消散，问题在于到了秋季是否会卷土重来，”他说。“答案不在这里。答案在中东。”
(本新闻网址：https://www.geilien.cn/news/2024/nyrifts.html)

Katie Glueck报道美国政治，重点关注民主党。

翻译：Ziyu Qing