一、肯定句变否定句的技巧

　　1.动词后直接加not。原句中含有be动词(am, is, are, was, were) 和助动词(have, has, had) 和情态动词(can, shall, will, may, should, would, might, had better等)时，要在动词后直接加not。如：

　　His mother has already called the police for help. (乌鲁木齐市中考题)

　　His mother ______ called the police for help ______. (答案：hasn’t, yet)

　　2.原句中没有be动词，助动词或情态动词时，要在行为动词前加助动词(do, does, did)与否定副词not的缩写形式。另外，还需要将原句子中的some改为any； too改either；already改为yet。还需要分清do, have等是实义动词还是助动词。如(from zkenglish.com)：

　　The old man hurt his leg last Wednesday. (西宁市中考题)

　　The old man ______ ______ his leg last Wednesday. (答案：didn’t hurt)

　　3.原句中含有every, everything, all, both等不定代词或both…and…, a lot of 等短语时，与否定副词not连用属部分否定。把这些不定代词变成neither, none, no one或把both…and…变成neither…nor…时，才是全部否定。如：

　　 Both Joy and Sam like singing Beijing Opera. (新疆中考题)

　　______ Joy ______ Sam likes singing Beijing Opera.(答案：Neither, nor)

　　4.在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的主语是第一人称，谓语动词是think时，如果要否定后面的宾语从句，习惯上否定主句的谓语动词。如：

　　 I think she will come here soon. →I don’t think she will come here soon.

二、复合句与简单句的转换技巧

　　1.含宾语从句的复合句转换为简单句

　　即将宾语从句转换成相应的短语。如：

　　We expected that you would come. 我们希望你来。

　　→We expected you to come. 我们希望你来。

　　Now tell me what I should do. 现在告诉我该怎么办。

　　→Now tell me what to do. 现在告诉我该怎么办。

　　I remember I once met her at a party. 我记得在一次晚会上见过他。

　　→I remember once meeting her at a party. 我记得在一次晚会上见过他。

　　I ask him what I shall do. 我问他该怎么办。

　　→I ask him what to do. 我问他该怎么办。

　　I can’t decide whom I should invite. 我不能决定该邀请谁。

　　→I can’t decide whom to invite. 我不能决定该邀请谁。

　　2.含状语从句的复合句转换成简单句

　　即将状语从句转换成状语短语。如：

　　He can’t come because he is ill. 他因病不能来。

　　→He can’t come because of his illness. 他因病不能来。

　　Turn off the light before you leave. 离开前请关灯。

　　→Turn off the light before leaving. 离开前请关灯。

　　He went home after he finished his work. 他做完工作后就回家了。

　　→He went home after finishing his work. 他做完工作后就回家了。

　　He was so angry that he couldn’t speak. 他气得话都说不出来。

　　→He was too angry too speak. 他气得话都说不出来。

　　He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam. 他努力学习以便能考及格。

　　→He studied hard in order to pass the exam. 他努力学习以便能考及格。

一、陈述句变疑问句

　1. 变成一般疑问句

　　将陈述句变成一般疑问句，要根据陈述句中的谓语动词及其时态确定疑问形式。其句型特点一般是：助动词或情态动词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 动词 + 其他？如：

　　The policeman told the boys not to play football in the street. (甘肃省中考题)

　　________ the policeman ________ the boys not to play football in the street?

　　答案：Did, tell

　　2. 变成特殊疑问句

　　将陈述句变成特殊疑问句时，常用的方法是“一选，二移，三变，四代”。“一选”就是选择疑问词，被选择的疑问代词有：what, which, who, whose；疑问副词有：where, when, why, how；疑问副词词组有：how long, how often, how soon, how far, how many, how much, how old等。“二移”就是把be动词，助动词或情态动词移到句首。“三变”就是将原句中第一个单词的首字母改为小写(专有名词除外)，将some, something等改为any, anything等，将句号改为问号。四代就是将选好的特殊疑问词替代划线部分。如：(西宁市中考题)

　　At the age of three, David weighed 20 kilos. (就划线部分提问)

　　________ did David weigh at the age of three?

　　答案：How much

　　3. 变成选择疑问句

　　将陈述句变成一般疑问句，在问号前加上“or + 所给的被选择部分”。如：(新疆中考题)

　　Most young men like popular music. (用 rock music 改为选择疑问句)

　　________ most young men like popular music ________ rock music?

　　答案：Do, or

　　4. 变成反意疑问句

　　 陈述句变成反意疑问句时一定要遵循“前肯定，后否定；前否定，后肯定”的原则。历年中考常考的六种特殊的反意疑问句是①在英语口语中，I am后面的附加疑问部分常用aren’t I；②There be... 后面的附加疑问部分一般用be(not)there；③在Let us...后面，常用will you；④Let’s...后面，常用shall we；⑤had better后面，附加疑问部分的助动词用had；⑥当陈述部分是祈使句时，附加疑问部分通常用will you或won’t you。如：(from www.zkenglish.com)

　　Miss King hardly spoke a word the whole time. (广州市中考题)

　　Miss King hardly spoke a word the whole time, ________ ________?

　　答案：did she

二、肯定句变成否定句

　1. 若原句中有动词be

　　原句中含有be动词(am, is, are, was, were) 和助动词(have, has, had) 和情态动词(can, shall, will, may, should, would, might, had better等)时，要在动词后直接加not。如：

　　His mother has already called the police for help. (乌鲁木齐市中考题)

　　His mother ________ called the police for help ________. (答案：hasn’t, yet)

　　2. 若原句中没有动词be

　　原句中没有be动词，助动词或情态动词时，要在行为动词前加助动词(do, does, did)与否定副词not的缩写形式。另外，还需要将原句子中的some改为any； too改either；already改为yet。还需要分清do, have等是实义动词还是助动词。如：

　　The old man hurt his leg last Wednesday. (西宁市中考题)

　　The old man ________ ________ his leg last Wednesday. (答案：didn’t hurt)

　　3. 若原句中有不定代词

　　原句中含有every, everything, all, both等不定代词或both…and…, a lot of 等短语时，与否定副词not连用属部分否定。把这些不定代词变成neither, none, no one或把both…and…变成neither…nor…时，才是全部否定。如：

　　 Both Joy and Sam like singing Beijing Opera. (新疆中考题)

　　 ________ Joy ________ Sam likes singing Beijing Opera.(答案：Neither, nor)

　　4. 若原句为复合句

　　在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的主语是第一人称，谓语动词是think时，如果要否定后面的宾语从句，习惯上否定主句的谓语动词。如：

　　 I think she will come here soon. →I don’t think she will come here soon.

同义句变换·根据句意改写主要考查学生对句意的理解和用一个词或一种结构来概括上句的意思的综合能力。如：

　　1. Li Hua and Zhang Ming are the same age.

　　Li Hua is _________ _________ _________ Zhang Ming.

　　【答案】as old / young as。第一句的意思是“李华和张明同岁”，第二句是说“李华和张明年纪一样大”。

　　2. How many people live in France?

　　_________ _________ the population of France?

　　【答案】What is。第一句的意思是“法国有多少人?”第二句的意思是“法国的人口有多少?”

　　3. The runner fell behind the others though he did what he could.

　　The runner _________ to keep up with the others though he _________ his _________.

　　【答案】failed; tried; best。第一句意思是：虽然这名赛跑选手尽了全力，但还是落在了别人的后面。第二句的意思是：虽然这名赛跑选手尽了全力，但还是跟不上别人。

　　4. Before talking, he told me his name and I told him my name .

　　We _________ _________ _________ _________ before talking.

　　【答案】told each other’s names。第一句意思是：谈话前，他告诉了我他的名字，我也告诉他我的名字。第二句的意思是：谈话前，我们相互告知了对方的名字。

　　5. She has been away from Shanghai for over one year.

　　More than one year has _________ since she _________ Shanghai.

　　【答案】passed; left。第一句的意思是：她离开上海已经一年多了。第二句的意思是：自从她离开上海，一年多已经过去了。

　　6. Walk along the street, then take the third crossing on the right.

　　Walk down the street, then _________ _________ at the third crossing.

　　【答案】turn right。两句都是告知他人去某地的路线的常用语，其句意都是：沿着这条街走，然后在第三个拐弯处右转。

同义句变换·利用从句改写-即运用关系代词、关系副词或从属连词改写。如：

　　1. The man is talking with a lady. He gave us a talk last week.

　　The man _________ gave us a talk last week _________ _________ with a lady.

　　【答案】who / that; is talking。定语从句who / that gave us a talk last week修饰先行词the man。

　　2. He didn’t want to miss the first bus, so he got up early.

　　He got up early _________ _________ he could catch the first bus.

　　【答案】so that。目的状语从句so that he could catch the first bus说明动词got up early的目的。

　　3. “Did you sleep well last night?” David asked her.

　　David asked her _________ _________ _________ well last night.

　　【答案】if / whether she slept。直接引语转换成间接引语时，如果直接引语是一般疑问句时，连接词要用if或whether，句子保持陈述句的语序。

　　4. Come on, or we’ll miss the early bus.

　　_________ we _________ hurry, we’ll miss the early bus.

　　【答案】 If; don’ t。if 引导条件状语从句。句意为：如果我们还不快一点，我们就赶不上头班车了。

　　祈使句与条件状语从句的相互转换。

　　5. John will go to bed after he finished his homework.

　　John _________ to bed _________ he finished his homework.

　　【答案】didn’t; until。not…until表示“直到……才”的意思。

同义句变换·利用sodoI改写-“so＋动词＋主语”结构，表示肯定，译为“某人(物) 也如此”。“neither／nor ＋动词＋主语”结构表示否定， 译为“某人(物) 也不……”。这两种结构指前一句所说的情况同样也适合另一个人或物。转换时应注意四点：

　　1. 动词指助动词、be动词或情态动词；

　　2. 动词在时态上与前句呼应；

　　3. 动词在数上要与本句主语保持一致；

　　4. 表示否定时，neither／nor本身具有否定意义，动词要用肯定形式。

　　1. Jim wants to go boating and his parents want to go boating, too.

　　Jim wants to go boating, and _________ _________ his parents.

　　【答案】so do。主语是复数his parents, 时态是一般现在时，助动词用do。

　　2. I like playing tennis. He likes playing tennis, too.

　　I like playing tennis, _________ _________ he.

　　【答案】so does。主语是第三人称单数，时态是一般现在时，助动词用does。

　从英语的句子结构上说，除了修饰名词的定语和修饰动词的状语外，在千变万化的句子中可归纳为五个基本句式，一般地说，某些

　　动词用在某一句式中，下面笔者把这些句型和常用的动词进行归类,供你参考。

　　1.S(主） + Vi（不及物动词）（谓） 

　　Time flies.

　　1) S + V + adverbial(状语）

　　Birds sing beautifully.

　　2) S + Vi+ prep Phrase（介词短语）

　　He went on holiday.

　　3) S + Vi+ Infinitive (不定式）

　　We stopped to have a rest.

　　4) S + Vi+ Participle (分词）

　　I'll go swimming.

　　2. S (主）+ Vt （及物动词）（谓）+ O（宾）

　　We like English.

　　1) S + VT + N/Pron

　　I like music.

　　I like her.

　　2) S + VT + infinitive(不定式）

　　I want to help him.

　　常用于这句型的动词有：attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise,

　　propose, purpose, refuse, want, wish等。

　　3) S + VT + Wh-Word + Infinitive

　　I don't know what to do. examda

　　常用于这句型的动词有：ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn,

　　observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder等。

　　4) S + VT + Gerund

　　I enjoy living here.

　　常用于这句型的动词有：admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss,

　　practise, risk, suggest, give up, can't help等。

　　5) S + VT + That-clause

　　I don't think (that) he is right.

　　常用于这句型的动词有：Admit, believe, command, confess, declare, demand, deny, doubt, expect, explain, feel(觉得）

　　, hear（听说）, hope, imagine, intend, know, mean, mind（当心）, notice, propose, request, report, say, see

　　（看出），show, suggest, suppose, think, understand, wish, wonder(觉得奇怪）。

　　3. S (主）+ V（谓）（lv)( 系动词）+ P（表）

　　We are Chinese.

　　除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，1)表感官的动词，feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。

　　2) 表转变变化的动词，become, get, grow, turn, go,等。 3)表延续的动词 remain, keep, seem, hold, stay, rest等。

　　4)表瞬时的动词 come, fall, set, cut, occur等 5)其他动词 eat, lie, prove, ring, run, shine, sit, stand, continue,

　　hang等。

　　1) S + Lv + N/Pron(名词/代词）

　　He is a boy.

　　This is mine.

　　2) S + Lv + Adj（形容词）

　　She is beautiful.

　　3) S + Lv + Adv (副词）

　　Class is over.

　　4) S + Lv + Prep Phrase

　　He is in good health.

　　5) S + Lv + Participle(分词） examda

　　He is excited.

　　The film is interesting.

　　4. S (主）+ VT （谓）+ In O（间接 宾） + D O（直接 宾）

　　I give you help.

　　1) S + VT + N/Pron + N

　　I sent him a book.

　　I bought May a book.

　　2) S + VT + N/Pron + To/for-phrase examda

　　He sent a book to me.

　　He bought a coat for me.

　　间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有：allow, bring, deny, do(带来）， give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe,

　　pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。

　　间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有：bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏），

　　save, sing, spare等。

　　5. S (主）+ VT（谓）+ O（宾） + O C（宾补）

　　I make you clear.

　　1) S + VT + N/Pron + N

　　We named our baby Tom.

　　常用于这句型的动词有：appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, nominate(命名）。 examda

　　2) S + VT + N/Pron + Adj

　　He painted the wall white.

　　常用于这句型的动词有：beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, see, set, turn,

　　want, wash, wipe, wish等。

　　3) S + VT + N/Pron + Prep Phrase

　　She always keeps everything in good order.

　　4) S + VT + N/Pron + Infinitive

　　I wish you to stay.

　　I made him work

　　常用于这句型的动词有：a)不定式带to的词：advice, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, command, decide, encourage,

　　expect, force, get, hate, invite, know, leave, like, love, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remain, request,

　　teach, tell, want, warn, wish等。b)不定式不带to的词：feel, have, hear, know, let, listen to, look at, make,

　　notice, see, watch等。

　　5) S + VT + N/Pron + Participle (分词） examda

　　I heard my name called.

　　I feel something moving.

　　常用于这句型的动词有：catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice,

　　observe, perceive, see, set, smell, start, watch等。

　　6) S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-word + Infinitive

　　He show me how to do it.

　　常用于这句型的动词有：advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell等。