中考专项复习——非谓语动词
考点一、不定式
1．不定式的基本形式是to＋动词原形，它具有动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语，但它没有人称与数的变化，在句中也不能作谓语，动词不定式和自己的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。
My fatherasked me not to read in bed.
2．不定式的句法作用
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的作用，它可以作主语、宾语、宾补和状语。
(1)作主语
动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，It＋be＋形容词＋(for sb)＋动词不定式。
It's important (for us) to protectenvironment.
注：当在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。
It's verykind of_you_to_help_me.
(2)作宾语
He wantsto_go_out_with_her.
注：①一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词表示命令、打算或希望，如：would like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect等。
Would youlike to_see_a_film this evening?
②在find，think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。
I find iteasy to_read_English_every_day.
4．不定式常和疑问词what，which，when，where，how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。
Theteacher is telling the students what_to_do.
老师正告诉同学们做什么。
He didn'tknow where_to_go. (where to go＝wherehe should go)
他不知道去哪里。
考点二、动名词
动名词由动词原形＋-ing构成，与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质，作宾语和状语；也有名词的性质，可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
1．作主语，如：
Eatingtoo much is bad for your health.
吃得太多对身体健康有害。
注：动名词和动词不定式作主语，在许多情况下可以通用，但动名词作主语多表示抽象或多次的行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。
2．其后常接动名词的动词及动词词组有finish，enjoy，practice，understand，mind，keep，consider，miss，avoid(避免)，suggest，admit，be worth，havedifficulty/problem/trouble/fun，waste time，can't help/can't stop，be used to(习惯于)等。
其后既可以接动名词，也可接动词不定式的动词有love，like，prefer，begin，start，continue，remember，try，stop，forget，hate，need，allow，go on等。
介词后接动名词，如：keep...from，stop...from，make a contribution to，look forward to，spend...(in)，be afraid of，be proud of，be used for，feel like，give up，be interested in，put off等。
3．当need，require，want作“需要”解时，后加动名词主动式等于不定式的被动式。
Thewindow needs cleaning.＝The window needs to be cleaned.
4．不定式是不及物动词时，作定语不能省去介词。
Weihai isa good place to_live_in.
I don'thave enough time to study for the test, so I have something to_worry_about.
因为我没有足够的时间为考试而学习，所以我有些担心。
考点三、分词
1.分词的构成
分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词+ ing”构成。过去分词的基本形式是“动词+ ed”，但也有不规则的形式。
注：现在分词表示“令人……的”，主语一般是物；过去分词表示“感到……的”，主语一般是人。
He issurprised to hear the news.The news is surprising.
辨析：
(1)有些动词或词组后接动名词或不定式均可，但意义稍有差别。
①stop to do sth.停下来去做某事stop doing sth.停止做某事
Stopthinking，please.请停止思考。
Stopto_think about it for a moment.停下来想一会。
②
Iremember posting your letter.
我记得把你的信寄出去了。(信已寄出)
Pleaseremember to_post my letter.
请记住把我的信寄出去。(信尚未寄出)
③
Iforgot to_bring_my_homework.
我忘记带作业了。(没带作业)
Iforgot bringing_my_homework.
我忘记已把作业带来了。(作业已带来)
④
Hetried speaking English to us.
他试着用英语和我们谈话。
Pleasetry to do better next time.
下次设法做得更好些。
⑤
Goon to_do the other exercise after you finish this one.
做完这个练习题后，接着做另一个练习题。
Goon doing the exercise after a short rest.
休息一会儿之后，我们继续做练习。
⑥
Wedon't allow smoking here.
我们不允许在这儿吸烟。
Wedon't allow students to_go out on school days.
上学时，我们不允许学生外出。
(2)现在分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别。
我们常见的动词如：see，watch，notice，hear，feel，have等，它们接不带to的不定式作宾补，表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作；接现在分词作宾补，表示动作正在进行着。
Iheard him singing in the classroom.
我听到他正在教室里唱歌。(“唱”这个动作正在进行)
Iheard him sing in the classroom.
我听到他在教室里唱歌了。(“唱”这个动作已结束)
(3)现在分词与过去分词的区别。
①在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。
thesurprising news令人惊讶的消息
asurprised man 一个受惊吓的人
amoving film一场感人的电影
themoved people被感动的人们
②在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。
thedeveloping country 发展中国家
thedeveloped country发达国家
therising sun正在升起的太阳
therisen sun 升起来的太阳
(4)易混句式havesb.do sth，havesb.doing sth.和havesth.done的区别。
①have sb.do sth.意为“让某人做某事”，have可以用let，make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作，且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。
Thesoldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.
士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着。
②have sb.doing sth.意为“让某人做某事”，have可以用keep代替，现在分词(doing)这个动作往往具有持续进行的含义。
Thetwo men had their lights burning all night long.
那两个人让灯通宵亮着。
③have sth.done意为“让某人做某事”，即ask sb.else to do sth.过去分词(done)这个动作由他人(即非主语本身)来完成，含有被动意义且强调动作已经完成。
Thedriver had his car washed once a week.
那位司机每周叫人洗一次车。
中考典例分析
1、(广安)—Pleaseremember ________ the lights when you leave the room.
—OK,I will.
A．turn off B．toturn off C．turning off
2、Peteris busy ________ at school, but he never forgets ________ exercise every day.
A．working; doing B．working;to do C．atwork; doing
3、 (·泰安)—I can't decide ________.
—Youmean the purple sweater or the blue one?
A．how to go there B．whoto go with
C．where to visit D．whichto choose
4、Thereare so many kinds of MP5 in the shop. We can't decide________.
A．what to buy B．tobuy what
C．which to buy D．to buy which
4、(达州)Whynot ________ an English club to practice ________ English?
A．to join; to speak B．join; speaking
C．join; to speak D．tojoin; speaking
5、—Howabout ________in the river with us?
—SorryI can't.My parents often tell me ________ that.
A．swim; don't do
B．swim; to do
C．swimming; not do
D．swimming; not to do
6、(通化)The woman made his son________ finally after shetold him some jokes.
A．laughed B．tolaugh
C．laugh D．laughing
7、Granny often tell us ________water in our daily life.
A．save B．saving
C．to save D．saves
考点训练7
非谓语动词
1．(河北)I'd like you ________ for a picnic with us.
A．go B．togo C．going D．went
2．(哈尔滨)As teenagers，we're old enough ________ with housework.We can help set the table，washthe dishes and clean our own rooms.
A．tohelp B．helping C．helped
3．(兰州)Danny did all kinds ofthings to make the baby ________.
A．tostop crying B．stopcrying
C．tostop to cry D．stopto cry
4．(兰州)—What are on show inthe museum?
—Some photos ________ by the children of Yushu, Qinghai.
A．havebeen taken B．weretaken
C．aretaken D．taken
5．(兰州)We have two rooms ________，but I can't decide ________.
A．tolive; to choose which one B．lived;choose which one
C．tolive in; which one to choose D．live; which one
6．(广州)The teacher told thestudents ________ any food into the computer room.
A．notto bring B．notbring C．don't bring D．bring not
7．(广州)—We don't have muchhomework this weekend. Shall we go out together?
—OK. What about ________ a movie?
A．to see B．seeing C．tosee D．sees
8．(达州)Why not ________ an English club to practice ________ English?
A．tojoin; to speak B．join;speaking
C．join;to speak D．tojoin; speaking
9．(潍坊)At least 300 million people are usingQQ ________ by Ma Huateng to chat on line.
A．create B．creates C．creating D．created
10．(荆州)—Areyou going to Tibet for vacation?
—Yes. I want you to ________ me with some information about it.
A．offer B．give C．show D．provide
11．(泰安)—I can't decide ________.
—You mean the purple sweater or the blueone?
A．howto go there B．whoto go with
C．whereto visit D．whichto choose
12．(泰安)—Howabout going shopping this weekend, Peter?
—Sorry. Iprefer ________ rather than ________.
A．tostay at home; go out B．to go out; stay at home
C．staying at home;go out D．going out; stay at home
13．(广安)—Please remember ________ the lights when you leave the room.
—OK, I will.
A．turnoff B．toturn off C．turning off
14．(定西)The boy is lookingforward to ________ a good time after the exam.
A．tohave B．has C．having D．have
15．(安徽)There are so manykinds of computers in the shop. I really don't know ________ to choose.
A．what B．which C．how D．where
16．(河南)Father often tells me________ too much time on computergames.
A．don'tspend B．notspend C．notto spend D．notspending
17．(成都)—Where's your brothernow, Bob?
—Isaw him ________ in the street a momentago and I told him ________.
A．playing; don't do so B．playing; not to do so C．play; to do so
18．(贵阳)Nancy is really ahardworking student. We often see her ________ books in the classroom.
A．read B．to read C．reads
19．—Whydid you buy a radio?
—________ English.
A．Learn B．LearninC．To learn D．Be learning
20．Doctorstell people ________ their hands oftenand to stay home if they feel ill.
A．towash B．washes C．wash D．washing
21．XiaoLi said she would rather ________ joinus.
A．did not B．to not C．not D．not to
22．—Hi,Tom! Can you tell me when ________ forLondon?
—Yes, tomorrow afternoon.
A．leaving B．leaves C．to leave D．are youleaving
23．—I'mvery tired these days because of studying for physics.
—Why not ________ music? It can make you ________.
A．listento; relaxing B．tolisten to; to relax
C．listening to; relax D．listen to; relax
24．—IsJack in the library?
—Maybe. I saw him ________ out with some books just now.
A．going B．go C．togo D．went
25．Shewon't let her daughter ________ by theriver.
A．play B．plays C．to play D．playing
26．—Howabout ________ in the river with us?
—Sorry, I can't. My parents often tell me________ that.
A．swim;don't to B．swim;to do
C．swimming; not do D．swimming; not to do
27．Pleasedon't forget ________ the room while Iam away in Beijing.
A．clean B．toclean C．cleaned D．cleaning
28．—Dean,what time is the flight to Beijing on Saturday?
—Wait a minute. Let me ________ in the schedule(时刻表)．
A．lookat it B．lookfor it C．look after it D．look it up
29．Thedoctor did what he could ________ thedying man.
A．save B．to save C．saved D．saving
30．Theglobal financial crisis(金融危机) has made many people________ their money.
A．tocare for B．tookcare of
C．becareful with D．tobe cared about
31．—Wouldyou mind ________ my little sister whileI am away?
—Of course not.
A．lookingfor B．lookingat
C．looking after D．looking forward to
32．—MayI listen to the music here, Mr White?
—Sorry, you'd better ________ it like that.
A．not to do B．not do C．don't do D．not do to
33．—I'vejust borrowed a CD player, but I don't know ________.
—You can read the instructions.
A．howto use it B．where to buy it C．whento return it D．where to put it
34．—Yiwuis short of water now.
—Yes, I think it's very important for usto ________.
A．wastewater B．saveand protect water
C．makethe water dirty D．throw the rubbish into the river
35．Whynot ________ your teacher for help whenyou can't finish ________ it byyourself?
A．ask;write B．toask; writing C．ask; writing D．asking; write
36．I'mhungry now. Let's stop ________.
A．havinga meal B．havinga rest C．to have a meal D．to have a rest